ICMS

Apr 14, 2010 - Apr 21, 2010

14 India Street, Edinburgh

Organisers

Name	Institution
Bournaveas, Nikolaos	University of Edinburgh
Painter, Kevin	Heriot-Watt University
Perthame, Benoit	Université Pierre et Marie Curie

Scientific Committee

Nikolaos Bournaveas, University of Edinburgh
Peter Markowich, University of Cambridge
Kevin Painter, Heriot-Watt University
Benoit Perthame, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie
Christian Schmeiser, University of Vienna

Cell motion and tissue organisation are crucial to a range of biological processes, including tumour growth, tissue repair, embryonic development and biofilm development. Recent years have witnessed rapid growth in the modelling of these phenomena and have led to a number of novel mathematical models. Mathematical analysis can not only play a crucial role in understanding the resulting theoretical structures but directly impacts on the modelling and provides insight into the mechanistic bases of these processes.

A classical case example is chemotaxis, the directed motion of cells in response to chemical gradients. Mathematical attempts to model chemotaxis date to Patlak in the 1950s and Keller and Segel in the 1970s. The Keller and Segel model consists of a system of coupled parabolic equations for the cell density and the concentration of the chemical signal. The rigorous study of this parabolic system presents a multitude of challenges requiring significant use of methods from mathematical analysis, because blow-up may occur above a critical mass. While the Keller-Segel model provides a macroscopic description of cell migration in the presence of a chemical, it does not take into account the behaviour of individual cells and a variety of microscopic approaches have been developed, for example those using kinetic theory. Tissue mechanics also results from cell arrangements and most of the effects of biological interest have to take into account their movement and multiplication.

 

Arrangements

VOLCANIC ERUPTION DISRUPTING UK TRAVEL

All delegates travelling to Edinburgh ahead of Monday 19 April are advised that at present (Saturday 17 April) there is no air traffic to or from the UK due to ash from the volcanic eruption currently underway in Iceland. The situation is continuously reassessed by the authorities. It is recommended to check for updates on news websites such as the BBC as well as the NATS website. Your airline will be able to give you additional information. For queries please contact Helene Frossling by e-mail (e-mails will be checked until 2.00 pm British time on Saturday 17 April but may not be checked regularly on Sunday 18 April).

 ---------------

The workshop will be divided into two parts:

• Instructional Conference, Wednesday 14 April - Saturday 17 April
• Research Workshop, Monday 19 April - Wednesday 21 April

Instructional Conference arrangements 14-17 April

Mini courses during the instructional conference will be given by:

Vincent Calvez
Title: Mathematics for collective cell motion: analysis and modeling issues

Mark Chaplain
Title: Mathematical modelling of cell migration in cancer growth and development

Hans Othmer
Title: Modeling and analysis of individual and collective cell movement
Abstract 
Notes

Thomas Hillen
Title: Mathematical modelling of cell movement in network tissues
Abstract
Notes 1
Notes 2
Notes 3

Luigi Preziosi
Title: Mechanical aspects of tumor growth
Abstract
Notes

The instructional part of the conference is intended for PG students wishing to learn more about the area. Places are limited. The workshop will cover the cost of accommodation throughout the duration of the two parts of the workshop, as well as some local costs. More details will be communicated to accepted participants.

The application period for the instructional conference has now closed. For questions please contact Helene Frossling; please see e-mail address below.

CANPDE Workshop arrangements 19-21 April

The participation in the workshop part of the conference is limited to particpants of the instructional workshop and to invitees.

Questions about both parts of the workshop can be sent to Helene Frossling (Conference Co-ordinator) by e-mail: helene.frossling@icms.org.uk.

Speakers at the workshop will be:

R. E. Goldstein (Cambridge)
K. Weijer (Dundee)
R. Voituriez (Paris VI)
J. Sherratt (Heriot-Watt)
J. R. King (Nottingham)
T. Suzuki (Osaka)
K. Ichikawa (Osaka)
Y. Murakami (Tokyo)
Y. Lou (Ohio State)
E. Grenier (Lyon)
C. Schmeiser (Vienna)
D. Oelz (Vienna)
R. Erban (Oxford)
M. Doumic Jauffret (INRIA)

 

WORKSHOP VENUE

Both parts of the workshop will be taking place at 14 India Street, Edinburgh EH3 6EZ. This is the birthplace of James Clerk Maxwell, and is owned by the James Clerk Maxwell Foundation The lecture room at 14 India Street has a computer projector (and laptop), whiteboards and OH projector. WiFi is available throughout the building, and there are also public computers. The building will be open 09.00 - 17.30 most days apart from Saturday 17 April (09.30-14.00) and Monday 19 April (08.45-18.30). A map for all workshop delegates can be found here.

ACCOMMODATION

Delegates who have asked for accommodation to be booked for them have received details about this in separate e-mails. If this is not the case, please contact Helene Frossling, e-mail as per above. 

CATERING

A finger buffet lunch will be provided on Wednesday 14 April, Monday 19 April and Wednesday 21 April at 14 India Street.  There will be a wine reception in connection to the Poster Session (please see below). The workshop dinner will take place on Tuesday 20 April at The Magnum Restaurant. 

POSTER SESSION

A poster session on Monday 19 April gives students an early career researchers an opportunity to present their work. 

ATTENDANCE CERTIFICATES

Delegates requiring attendance certificates are advised to inform Helene Frossling about this in advance of the workshop. This is due to limited printing facilities for certificates at the workshop venue.

WEATHER

Edinburgh in April can be both warm and lovely, and cold and wet. Please check the weather forecast before packing; realiable weather services include the BBC and AccuWeather. Hay fever sufferers should also note that the pollen count in Edinburgh is currently increasing and tree pollen may be a problem in the coming weeks.

Programme

Draft programme (updated 8 April)

 INSTRUCTIONAL CONFERENCE

Wednesday 14 April

09.00 - 09.50	Registration and coffee
09.50 - 10.00	Helene Frössling (ICMS) Welcome
10.00 - 11.00	Mark Chaplain (University of Dundee) Mathematical modelling of cell migration in cancer growth and development (1)
11.00 - 11.30	Coffee
11.30 - 12.30	Mark Chaplain (University of Dundee) Mathematical modelling of cell migration in cancer growth and development (2)
12.30 - 14.00	Lunch at India Street
14.00 - 15.00	Thomas Hillen (University of Alberta) Mathematical modelling of cell movement in network tissues (1)
15.00 - 15.30	Coffee
15.30 - 16.30	Thomas Hillen (University of Alberta) Mathematical modelling of cell movement in network tissues (2)

 

Thursday 15 April

10.00 - 11.00	Hans Othmer (University of Minnesota) Modeling and analysis of individual and collective cell movement (1)
11.00 - 11.30	Coffee
11.30 - 12.30	Hans Othmer (University of Minnesota) Modeling and analysis of individual and collective cell movement (2)
12.30 - 14.00	Lunch
14.00 - 15.00	Mark Chaplain (University of Dundee) Mathematical modelling of cell migration in cancer growth and development (3)
15.00 - 15.30	Coffee
15.30 - 16.30	Thomas Hillen (University of Alberta) Mathematical modelling of cell movement in network tissues (3)

 

Friday16 April

10.00 - 11.00	Vincent Calvez (ENS Lyon) Mathematics for collective cell motion: analysis and modeling issues (1) view presentation
11.00 - 11.30	Coffee
11.30 - 12.30	Vincent Calvez (ENS Lyon) Mathematics for collective cell motion: analysis and modeling issues (2) view presentation
12.30 - 14.00	Lunch
14.00 - 15.00	Luigi Preziosi (Politecnico di Torino) Mechanical aspects of tumor growth (1)
15.00 - 15.30	Coffee
15.30 - 16.30	Hans Othmer (University of Minnesota) Modeling and analysis of individual and collective cell movement (3)

 

Saturday 17 April

10.00 - 11.00	Vincent Calvez (ENS Lyon) Mathematics for collective cell motion: analysis and modeling issues (3) view presentation
11.00 - 11.30	Coffee
11.30 - 12.30	Luigi Preziosi (Politecnico di Torino) Mechanical aspects of tumor growth (2)
12.30 - 13.30	Luigi Preziosi (Politecnico di Torino) Mechanical aspects of tumor growth (3)
	End of Instructional Conference

 

RESEARCH WORKSHOP  -- THIS PROGRAMME WILL MOST LIKELY BE AFFECTED BY THE TRAVEL DISRUPTIONS AND WILL BE UPDATED WHEN WE HAVE MORE INFORMATION!

Monday 19 April-- UPDATED

08.45 - 09.20	Registration* and coffee
09.20 - 09.30	Helene Frössling (ICMS) Welcome
09.30 - 10.20	Kees Weijer (University of Dundee) Cell-cell signalling and chemotactic cell movement during development
10.20 - 11.10	Hans Othmer  (University of Minnesota) Mathematical problems in embryonic pattern formation
11.10 - 11.40	Coffee
11.40 - 12.30	Christina Surulescu (University of Stuttgart) Non-power metric approach to cell dispersal view presentation
12.30 - 14.00	Lunch at India Street
14.00 - 14.50	Nicolas Meunier (Université Paris Descartes) Analysis of self-organization systems for cell polarization view presentation
14.50 - 15.40	Jonathan Sherratt (Heriot-Watt University) Nonlocal models for pattern formation and cancer invasion
15.40 - 16.10	Coffee
16.10 - 17.00	Radek Erban (University of Oxford) From stochastic models to macroscopic PDEs view presentation
17.00 - 18.30	Wine reception and poster session

 

Tuesday 20 April-- PROGRAMME UPDATED ON MONDAY 19 APRIL

09.30 - 10.20	Min Tang (Université Pierre et Marie Curie) A conservative Keller-Segel model with travelling wave and splitting view presentation
10.20 - 11.10	Richard Kollar (Comenius University) Mathematical model of heat damage to cells view presentation
11.10 - 11.40	Coffee
11.40 - 12.30	Kevin Painter (Heriot-Watt University) Models for morphogenesis
12.30 - 14.00	Lunch
14.00 - 14.50	John King (University of Nottingham) PDE modelling of growing biological tissue
14.50 - 15.40	Raymond Goldstein (University of Cambridge) The fidelity of adaptive phototaxis
15.40 - 16.00	Closing of workshop
19.00	Workshop dinner at The Magnum restaurant

 

Wednesday 21 April CANCELLED

 Please note that the programme is subject to changes.

 

* Registration Monday 19 April is not necessary for those who registered on Wednesday 14 April.

Presentations:

Presentation Details
Doumic Jauffret, Marie
Aggregation models for neurodegenerative diseases: direct and inverse problem
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abnormal protein aggregation is at the origin of a number of neuro-degenerative diseases, e.g. Prion (Madcow), Huntington or Alzheimer diseases. This phenomenon can be described mathematically either in a discrete or in a continuous setting, by equations of fragmentation-coagulation type. We review here some results and some open problems on the study of prion proliferation equations.
Erban, Radek
From Stochastic Models to Macroscopic PDEs
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I will analyse several stochastic simulation algorithms suitable for modelling reaction, diffusion and taxis processes in biology. Both on-lattice and off-lattice models, and their connections with deterministic (macroscopic) PDE models will be discussed.
Goldstein, Raymond E.
The Fidelity of Adaptive Phototaxis
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Along the evolutionary path from single cells to multicellular organisms with a central nervous system are species of intermediate complexity that move in ways suggesting high-level coordination, yet have none. Instead, organisms of this type possess many autonomous cells endowed with programs that have evolved to achieve concerted responses to environmental stimuli. I will discuss experiment and theory which aims to develop a quantitative understanding of how cells of such organisms coordinate to achieve phototaxis, using the spheroidal colonial alga Volvox carteri as a model. It is shown that the surface somatic cells act as individuals, but are orchestrated by their relative position in the spherical extracellular matrix and their common photoresponse function to achieve colony-level coordination. Analysis of models that range from the minimal to the biologically faithful shows that because the flagellar beating displays an adaptive down-regulation in response to light, the colony needs to spin around its body axis, and that the response kinetics and natural spinning frequency of the colony are mutually tuned to give the maximum photoresponse. These models further predict that the phototactic ability decreases dramatically when the colony does not spin at its natural frequency, a result confirmed by phototaxis assays in which colony rotation was slowed by increasing the fluid viscosity.
Ichikawa, Kazuhisa
Molecular interactions and their modeling at the invasion front, invadopodia
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Invadopodium is a protrusion at the invasion front of a cancer cell. The formation of invadopodium is caused by the reorganization of cytoskeletal molecule actin. At the invadopodia, a protein MT1-MMP are expressed, and this causes the degradation of extracellular matrix (ECM), and finally the cell body is free from neighboring cells and ECM by cleaving adhesion molecules between them. Reorganization of actin, expression/activation of MT1-MMP and cleavage of adhesion are controlled through complicated enzymatic reactions. We will present a theory and simulation results of stochastic simulation for these events showing nonlinear molecular dynamics in the protein interactions.
King, John
PDE modelling of growing biological tissue
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Multiphase-continuum-mechanical approaches to the modelling of biological tissue growth will be described and some novel aspects of the resulting PDEs highlighted.
Lou, Yuan
Nonrandom dispersal of interacting species in heterogeneous landscapes
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Dispersals of organisms are key component of ecological and evolutionary processes and have a great deal of importance in solving conservation problems as well. From habitat degradation and climate change to spatial spread of invasive species, dispersals play a central role in determining how organisms cope with a changing environment. The dispersals of many organisms depend upon local biotic and abiotic factors and as such are often nonrandom. In contrast with random movements which are well understood from theoretical perspectives, we have limited knowledge of the consequences of nonrandom dispersal, especially in the context of the spatial dynamics of interacting species. This talk will focus on the effects of non-random dispersal on competing species in heterogeneous environments via reaction-diffusion advection models. Previous studies show that if two competing species adopt biased movement in response to habitat quality, there can be selection against both small and large advection rates. Is there some intermediate advection rate which is evolutionarily stable? If random dispersal rate and biased movement rate represent values for two different traits of species, how will two traits simultaneously evolve?
Meunier, Nicolas
Analysis of self-organization systems for cell polarization
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In this work, we investigate the dynamics of a modified Keller-Segel type model. On the contrary to the classical configuration, the chemical production term is located on the boundary. In the one-dimensional case and in a particular case in dimension two, we prove, under suitable assumptions, the following dichotomy which is reminiscent of the two-dimensional Keller-Segel system. Solutions are global if the mass is below the critical mass and they blow-up in finite time above the critical mass. Furthermore, in the one-dimensional case, using entropy techniques, we provide quantitative convergence results for the subcritical case. This work is completed with a more realistic model (still one-dimensional) for modeling purpose. In this new setting, the chemical is supplied by a quantity which evolves by exchanging particles at the boundary. Finally some results are given for the two-dimensional case and we also provide some links with cell polarisation that is an essential step for many biological processes and that is involved for instance in cell migration, division, or morphogenesis. (joint work with V. Calvez and R. Voituriez)
Murakami, Yoshinori
Involvement of a cell adhesion molecule CADM1/TSLC1 in oncogenesis
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Aberration of cell adhesion is a critical step in the invasion and metastasis of human cancer. A tumor suppressor gene, CADM1/TSLC1, was originally identified in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by functional complementation. CADM1 encodes an immunoglobulin superfamily cell adhesion molecule homologous to nectins and is expressed in the brain, testis, lung and many other epithelial tissues. In contrast, CADM1 is inactivated in 30-60% of various cancers in advanced stages, including NSCLC, suggesting that loss of CADM1 is involved in invasion and metastasis. Correspondingly, CADM1 is primarily involved in the formation of an epithelial cell structure and associates with an actin-binding protein, 4.1B, and the membrane associated guanylate kinase homologs, providing a novel tumor suppressor cascade. 　CADM1 also suppresses epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of MDCK cells treated with HGF. The Cadm1-gene deficient mice show male infertility caused by disruption of cell adhesion between spermatocytes and Sertoli cells. 　Furthermore, both Cadm1-/- and Cadm1+/- mice develop lung adenoma and adenocarcinoma spontaneously, indicating that this cascade is essential for lung tumor suppression. Unique features of CADM1-mediated cell adhesion in oncogenesis will be discussed.
Othmer, Hans G
Mathematical Problems in Embryonic Pattern Formation
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Pattern formation during development of an adult organism requires precise spatio-temporal control of gene expression, which involves complex signal transduction and control networks. In this talk we will first introduce techniques for the reduction of complex networks, for both deterministic and stochastic models of networks. We will then discuss the effects of various localization mechanisms on signaling and illustrate the interplay between reaction and transport in robust determination of boundaries between different tissue types.
Schmeiser, Christian
Analytic properties of a continuum model for the lamellipodium
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A two-phase continuum model for two families of locally parallel actin filaments describing the mechanics of the lamellipodium will be presented. Its variational nature and its relation to models for liquid crystals will be discussed.
Sherratt, Jonathan
Nonlocal Models for Pattern Formation and Cancer Invasion
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A number of key mechanisms regulating the dynamics of cell populations are intrinsically long-range. Examples are community effects in differentiation, and cellular adhesion, which is an important regulator of a variety of processes including cancer invasion. These long-range mechanisms have proved difficult to study using purely PDE models, and I will discuss a new approach to their study, via the inclusion of nonlocal terms. The resulting integrodifferential equations pose a range of numerical and analytical challenges, but provide a valuable tool for the study of the dynamics of cell populations. I will discuss specific IDE models for differentiation-controlled pattern formation and for cancer invasion. I will present new results, and will identify key challenges for future research. The work I will present is done in collaboration with Kevin Painter, Jenny Bloomfield and Nicola Armstrong (all Heriot-Watt University).
Suzuki, Takashi
ECM degradation - a topdown modeling of MT1-MMP metalloproteinase
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We present the method of bi-directed modeling in the study of the early stage of tissue invation at the cell level. First, several positive feedback loops are noticed in the integrated pathways and then the formation of peeks are recovered by the bottom up approach. Then a topdown model involving the switching process recovers this phenomenon.
Voituriez, Raphael
Modeling cytoskeleton dynamics : mechanisms of cell polarization and motility
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I will first present a phenomenological coarse-grained model of the cell cytoskeleton, viewed as a visco-elastic medium driven out-of-equilibrium by ATP hydrolysis. I will show that this model of "active gel" leads to a rich phase diagram, and in particular to spontaneous hydrodynamic flows -- and therefore macroscopic motion -- in absence of external forcing. Applications to cell motility will be discussed. Next I will discuss the effect of the out-of-equilibrium forcing by ATP hydrolysis on intracellular transport. I will show on a simple model that such "active" transport can give rise to instabilities in the distribution of molecular markers in cells, and therefore induce a mechanism of cell polarization.
Weijer, Kees
Cell-cell signalling and chemotactic cell movement during development
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We investigate the molecular mechanisms by which cells produce and detect chemotactic signals and translate this information in directed coordinated movement up or down chemical gradients in the social amoebae Dictyostelium discoideum, and during gastrulation in the chick embryo. During Dictyostelium development hundreds of thousands of cells aggregate chemotactically to form a fruiting body. Chemotactic cell migration during all stages of development is controlled by propagating waves of the chemo-attractant cAMP. Using a variety of imaging techniques we analyse the spatio-temporal dynamics of cAMP mediated cell-cell signalling and the resulting chemotactic cell movement responses to understand how the interactions beween cell-cell signalling and movement govern the multi-cellular organisation of this organism. Investigation of mutants that change cAMP cell-cell signalling dynamics and the organisation and function of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton affecting chemotactic movement, show how cellular heterogeneity in signalling dynamics and polarised activation of the actin-myosin cytoskeleton drive aggregation, cell sorting, slug formation and migration. Hypothesis are tested by detailed model calculations. Chemotactic cell movement also plays a critical role during gastrulation in the chick embryo. Our experiments show that epiblast cell movement during the formation of the primitive streak as well as the movement of the mesoderm cells after their ingression through the streak is controlled by a combination of attractive and repulsive guidance cues. We have identified FGF4 and VEGFA as attractive cues for mesoderm cells, while FGF8 and Wnt’s act as repulsive signals. We are currently trying to establish how signalling and movement interact and use models to design experimentally testable hypotheses.

Participants

Name	Institution
Bakshi, Suruchi	University of Oxford
Blasselle, Alexis	Laboratoire Jacques-Louis Lions
Bloomfield, Jenny	Heriot-Watt University
Bournaveas, Nikolaos	University of Edinburgh
Calvez, Vincent	CNRS and ENS Lyon
Calvez, Vincent	CNRS and ENS Lyon
Chaplain, Mark	University of Dundee
Doumic Jauffret, Marie	INRIA
Ebde, Mohamed Abderrahman	Wolfgang Pauli Institute
Enault, Séverine	ENS-Lyon
Erban, Radek	University of Oxford
Gabriel, Pierre	Laboratoire Jacques-Louis LIONS
Goldstein, Raymond E.	University of Cambridge
Hillen, Thomas	University of Alberta
Hunt, Gordon	Heriot-Watt University
Ichikawa, Kazuhisa	University of Osaka
Kershaw, Sophie	University of Oxford
King, John	University of Nottingham
Kollar, Richard	Comenius University
Lorz, Alexander	University of Cambridge
Lou, Yuan	Ohio State University
Meunier, Nicolas	Université Paris Descartes
Mirrahimi, Sepidehsadat	Laboratoire J-L Lions
Murakami, Yoshinori	University of Tokyo
Oelz, Dietmar	University of Vienna
Othmer, Hans G	University of Minnesota
Painter, Kevin	Heriot-Watt University
Perthame, Benoit	Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Preziosi, Luigi	Politecnico di Torino
Schmeiser, Christian	University of Vienna
Sherratt, Jonathan	Heriot-Watt University
Souganidis, Takis	University of Chicago
Surulescu, Christina	University of Stuttgart
Suzuki, Takashi	Osaka University
Tang, Min	Université Pierre et Marie Curie
Ulikowska, Agnieszka	University of Warsaw
Vasilopoulos, Georgios	Heriot-Watt University
Voituriez, Raphael	Universite Pierre et Marie Curie
Weijer, Kees	University of Dundee
Winkler, Christoph	Universität Wien, Fakultät für Mathematik
Yates, Christian	University of Oxford